The Dos and Donts of Good Topics for Cause and Effect Essay

The Do's and Don'ts of Good Topics for Cause and Effect Essay Before covering the very best tips for the cause and effect topics, it is crucial to define the significance of this essay. Causes are introduced as argumentative topics which introduce the main topics of contemporary society in a succinct presentation where creativity is central. Topics for cause and effect essay might be variable, but the paper presupposes that the author should do a great deal of analyses and discover the root of the problem under review, the factors for it and the resultant results. Topics for a cause and effect essay can be found on the internet, or you may brainstorm with a friend and see what you could work out but clearly, you can even find online suggestions on writing papers for college. The Rise of Good Topics for Cause and Effect Essay The explanations for why folks exercise and the psychological consequences. Becoming optimistic can strengthen your total health 56. You may be angry or frustrated, but there might be long-term effects too, like a potential increase in blood pressure. Connect the reason and its effects. Causes and effects of a massive increase in human population in the previous hundred decades. The factors for smoking and the effects in the long term. When you would like to create a good cause and effect essay for college, acquiring an engaging topic you need to understand you could have fun too! You won't fail to draw the interest of your readers by opting to compose a technology-based cause and effect paper. Take your time to thoroughly examine our cause and effect topics list till you locate a prompt that you're excited to write about. Because it isn't a part of cake to create a distinctive idea with a cause and effect connection which will be simple to write and research. The cause and effect essay mainly includes the discussion regarding the reason for the occurrence of a specific thing in addition to the impact of occurrence of the exact same. You also need to analyze the effect, while it's an event, situation, or choice that's the effect of the cause. The capacity to make an intriguing cause and effect essay is a must, given that much of the info is quite factual. At the exact same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of a superior cause and effect essay topic. You always wish to begin at the start of your topic and talk about the outcomes of your topic. Obviously, the topic you pick for cause and effect essay is going to be the guiding principle in the whole work. This essay can help to create analytical abilities, ability to generate cognitive reasoning, predict and analyze the probable effects of something. A cause-effect essay on the subject of deforestation could concentrate on the reasons behind the destruction and the effect it has. Below you'll find some helpful ideas to compose an ace essay. For example, you can take pe rsuading essay, expository essay help and aid in writing argumentative essays also. It is easy to pick a great topic for your own personal cause and effect essay. Before the job of writing first draft essay for your assignments of cause and effect essay it is critical to have a great topic for it. You should brainstorm on the many points which you will include in the essay. Have a look at the list of the most fascinating cause and effect essay topics available to produce your essay stick out! From a quick essay to long essay any kind of essay can be written on these sorts of topics. Edit the essay as required to generate a flawless final draft. Also make sure one thing in your mind that whether you're supposed to compose a very long essay or only writing summary essay these topics are appropriate for every goal. You will probably produce several intriguing situations from your life that may make decent essay topics. Do your research, and eventually, you are going to come upon the essay topic you enjoy. The topics for these essays are chosen in such a way that it is simpler for an essay writer to comprehend the reason and effect of the specific topic. As students, you can't avoid writing cause and effect essays sooner or later in time. All these cause and effect essay topics for college students are sure to get you to produce something. Take a look at the source of student expulsions from universities. Consider the source of students' unwillingness to receive up early in the morning. The Truth About Good Topics for Cause and Effect Essay Cause and effect writing is just one of the most typical kinds of organization in the sphere of academic writing. Conclusion plays a significant part in receiving the readers impression in the event of essays.

What Is Thematic Topic in Romeo and Juliet Essay?

What Is Thematic Topic in Romeo and Juliet Essay?Today we are going to take a look at the four main topics that students encounter when they study the Romeo and Juliet Story. We will look at the thematic content that students encounter in class, the text books they read, and the specific their research method in order to get information about the thematic idea essay.The first theme that students encounter is the story of the game plot. In many ways the game plot or the game is the central theme of the play. The entire meaning of the play is contained within the game itself.This is one of the reasons why students love this story and they find it incredibly challenging. The game plot contains so much conflict and violence that students often find themselves crying during some of the scenes.The second theme that students encounter when they read the Romeo and Juliet play is the theme of romance. In most cases the theme of romance is present in the play itself but students usually refer to the story in class in order to get a better understanding of the idea of romance and love.During most of the school year the romantic theme is very prominent and students seem to find it extremely appealing. It seems to me that students are drawn to Romeo and Juliet simply because they want to experience the experiences that Romeo and Juliet experience in the play.Students often encounter the concept of betrayal in the play as they engage in the character of Romeo. Although they feel betrayed by the situation, they also want to experience the experiences that Romeo and Juliet experienced in the story.In many ways, students sometimes try to rewrite the Romeo and Juliet story when they are writing their essay. By rewriting the story they try to make it more clear in their mind so that they can understand the thematic idea.Finally, the third theme that students encounter when they study the play is the theme of failure. When they see the story of the game plot, they often try to rel ate the failure of the two lovers to the failures of the entire story.

The Nuiances of Writing a Journal Essay

The Nuiances of Writing a Journal Essay Introducing Writing a Journal Essay Write about the very first time once you felt pressured to adhere to a specific gender role. Be a building you understand well. Various individuals have various abilities and abilities, that's the reason why we may sample and dislike doing several things. Write about your favourite sport. Select a time and the days of the week you'll want to write and make a timely calendar reminder, and therefore you don't forget. Set a time for the length of time you desire to write. Write about a day you want to forget. Whether it be once each day, or once every week, choose a single time you need to write and don't skip it. The worst thing you can do in order to a creative flow is to get started inputting criticism prior to your thought is complete. The very first step in figuring out how to compose a reflective journal is as straightforward as being prepared to jot down your ideas and opinions on something you're learning anytime the mood strikes. Just make sure it is something which you require, not just something that you want in the brief term. In some instances, it will help to get rid of the pang of guilt. Most journal writing uses the first-person perspective, but other perspectives may also be used. An in-depth and thorough analysis, conducted by means of a writer in the practice of producing the reflective journal will help to do away with disturbing ideas and ideas. You should justify the reason why this research is essential and how it's going to help the society. In the debut, you should primarily concentrate on setting the extensive context of the paper. The cost of an essay rides on the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Don't hesitate to get started writing down ideas of what you're interested in or feel you ought to be writing about. The writing procedure is entirely free-form. You could also take a look at reflective writing examples if you want more help in any type of writing. On occasion, you might be missing introduction good suggestions for your reflective essay topics. The report discusses the value of the nurse asking all the cardinal indicators of each particular body system mentioned by the individual. A good way to think of a title is after you've written, but it's something to remember. When you maintain a journal, you realise that the really intriguing issue isn't knowing what is going to happen, and discovering an unexpected outcome. This kind of journal writing is well suited for keeping tabs on things you hear that you found particularly meaningful. Any journal entry will profit from some moments of reflection before you start writing. Your journal, in a lot of ways, is a dialogue which you're having with yourself. Keeping a journal gets you in the practice of noticing the specifics of your day-to-day life. Besides structural peculiarities, exists also other guidelines, which ought to be followed by means of a writer. Imagine that you're an animal in the zoo. As a scholar, you're predicted to be critical of your own research and ought to demonstrate the feasible areas where the research might have improved. Don't neglect to mention various ethical considerations which you have gone through while conducting the main research. Even if you understand how to compose the reflective essay, you might not have the ability to get a relevant and intriguing topic. Introductions are often hard to write. Knowing the title is especially important in a crucial essay. Questions shouldn't be accusatory or judgmental. These tips aren't going to guarantee you publication in a specific journal. The guide starts with a discussion on the significance of environmental preparation. Finally, make certain to celebrate thoroughly whenever your article is accepted.

Opinion Based Essay Topics - Tips

Opinion Based Essay Topics - TipsOpinion based essay topics are great for students to use when they have already practiced writing formal writing assignments in class. Usually you are expected to give specific recommendations and criticism for each essay topic. You will have to know about all the issues and possible issues associated with the given topic. If you really have been provided with all the information, you will not need to give very detailed opinions.Opinion based essay topics are very useful for writing a formal essay. It is important that you write this type of writing in order to be prepared for all the problems. Some of the things you will have to remember to write for an opinion based essay topic are the following:You will have to remember not to give long descriptions or opinions in opinion based essay topics. The common topics for this type of writing are sport and food. The topics will have to cover sports results, coaches, referee, advertising and clothing. You ma y also include some very basic facts about the sport or food, but you will have to give basic opinions.Try to write opinion based essay topics in a straightforward manner, without using metaphor. You should give your opinions in a positive way, without saying that the coach or the referee are bad. In the past, one might have done the opposite. However, you should try to come up with words that will not make you look bad or the impression that you are trying to give is that you are anti-competition. You will have to make sure that the facts that you present are not just making the referee or the coach look bad.However, if you are giving an opinion based essay topics you will have to read carefully and not too fast. You will have to ensure that you are writing only from the facts and not from hearsay. You will have to stick to your facts, but do not want to copy any other opinions you read on the Internet. You will also need to be a little patient. You will have to read and reread sev eral pages to get all the facts and how things work. You will have to avoid writing an essay that is just a copy of others essays.You may also make a point to give a summary about an opinion based essay topics. You may make some general statements and then make a list of facts that you think are critical. You will also have to try to keep the topic in the essence of the subject. You will have to mention facts from all the sports, the referee, the sport, the equipment, etc.Another tip for you when you are writing opinion based essay topics is to get a sense of the difference between the academic and the amatuer mentality. The academics are not interested in opinions, they are only interested in facts. While the amateurs are not concerned about facts, they only care about opinions. For you to be able to write well, you will have to gain this difference.

Phytochemical Analysis of Amaranthus Viridis L. Essay Example

Phytochemical Analysis of Amaranthus Viridis L. Essay A Biological Research Submitted to the Research Center Alabel National Science High School Regional Science High School for Region XII Alabel, Sarangani Province Submitted by: Shaira Mae M. Yamon Fourth Year- Diamond Submitted to: SHIELA P. BUTIL, Ph. D. Research Adviser August 5, 2013 ? Chapter I Introduction A. Background of the Study Amaranth (Amaranthus) or Pigweed popularly known as Kulitis or Uray here in the Philippines is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs that has been used for many years here and in other countries. Amaranth has significant nutritious content and can be used in many tasty recipes in place of wheat or other grains. Amaranth can grow up to seven feet tall (about 2. 1 meters), although most plants are five feet (about 1. 5 meters) or less. Amaranth plants have broad leaves and a flower head, with tiny seeds galore. The leaves come in many colors, including white, green, orange, pink, and red. Amaranth grain has high fiber, calcium, and iron content. It has a relatively high concentration of other vitamins as well, including magnesium, phosphorus, copper, and manganese, and a nearly complete set of amino acids, which you won’t find in many other grains. The leaves of amaranth are a good source of nutrition as well, with high concentrations of vitamins A, B6, and C; riboflavin; and foliate. Minerals found in amaranth greens include calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, copper, and manganese. We will write a custom essay sample on Phytochemical Analysis of Amaranthus Viridis L. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Phytochemical Analysis of Amaranthus Viridis L. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Phytochemical Analysis of Amaranthus Viridis L. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Several studies have shown that amaranth seed or oil may benefit those with hypertension and cardiovascular disease; regular consumption reduces blood pressure and cholesterol levels, while improving antioxidant status and some immune parameters. In traditional medicine Amaranth is especially recommended for people with a low red blood cell count. Amaranth is one of the most delicious leafy vegetables. It is a good crop for greens especially during the summer months when it is hard to grow and other kinds of vegetables. Amaranth is used in stews, sinigang and other dishes wherever spinach (Spinacea oleracea L). Many wild Amaranthus species are used as pot herbs. Used as ornamentals are A. tricolor forms with red, yellow and green colored leaves or leaf sections and A. cruentus with large bright red inflorescences. Amaranthus weeds are used as for fodder (pigweed). Vegetable amaranths are recommended as a good food with medicinal properties for young children, lactating mothers and for patients with fever, hemorrhage, anemia or kidney complaints. The wild A. spinosus L. used as a depurative against venereal diseases and as dressing on boils. B. Objectives of the Study Generally this study aims to identify bioactive compounds present in Amaranth or Kulitis by Phytochemical screening. Specifically, this study seeks to: a. Know the property of Kulitis plant b. Know the visibility of the plant in curing such complicated disease. c. Determines the capability of the plant as a herbal medicine. C. Significance of the study This study will be conducted and will undergo phytochemical screening examination. This is to determine its compound that in the future studies, it will be a great help for people in the society, especially to people who have snake bites and scorpion stings, acne, stomach problems, constipation, inflammation, eczema, bronchitis, anemia and leprosy. Snake bites and scorpion stings are dangerous because of the venom it carries. The information gathered in this study will also help the scientific community in analyzing the possibilities of making any pharmaceutical products out of the said plant. Finally, this study will help the future researchers to conduct other possible uses of Kulitis (Amaranthus spinosus L. ) that would also be beneficial to the human health. D. Scope and Limitation of the Study The study is focused only in the analysis of Kulitis Leaves Extract and why it can possibly cure snake bites and scorpion stings, acne, stomach problems, constipation, inflammation, eczema, bronchitis, anemia and leprosy. The study does not cover Feasibility study on the other plant extract and other toxicity level. E. Hypothesis H0: There is no component in the Kulitis Leaves Extract that can possibly cure snake bites and scorpion stings, acne, stomach problems, constipation, inflammation, eczema, bronchitis, anemia and leprosy. Hi: There is a component in the Kulitis Leaves Extract that can possibly cure snake bites and scorpion stings, acne, stomach problems, constipation, inflammation, eczema, bronchitis, anemia and leprosy. F. Definition of terms 1. Kultis -is a bushy plant with broad, green leaves. It grows up to 4 feet tall in the garden. They are ready to be harvested in 5 to 6 weeks after planting them in the garden. They grow practically wild in the garden because they have so many seeds when it matures. The seeds are grown as grain in other countries like India and is a valuable source of protein. It contains the amino acids lysine and methionine. 2. )Phytochemical Analysis -is peer review of a study. It is devoted to the publication of original articles on the utilization of analytical methodology in the plant sciences. The spectrum of coverage is broad, encompassing methods and techniques relevant to the extraction, separation, purification, identification and qualification of substances in plant biochemistry, plant cellular and molecular biology, plant biotechnology, the food sciences, agriculture and horticulture. 3). Amaranthus is the scientific name of Kulitis CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Kulitis Kulitis (Amaranthus viridis L. ) is alleged to originate from the lowland Tropical South and Central America and it was introduced into other warm places of the world. This weed is mostly found on roadsides and wastelands. It has a wide variety of distribution in all tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Southeast Asia, including the United States of America. Amaranth has significant nutritious content and can be used in many tasty recipes in place of wheat or other grains. Amaranth can grow up to seven feet tall (about 2. 1 meters), although most plants are five feet (about 1. 5 meters) or less. Amaranth plants have broad leaves and a flower head, with tiny seeds galore. The leaves come in many colors, including white, green, orange, pink,andred. It is highly adapted under lowland condition. Grow well at day temperatures above 250? C and night temperatures not lower than 150? C. Amaranthus are quantitative short day plants. It consumes high amount of water and uses 6 mm/day. Amaranthus prefers fertile, well drained soils with a loose structure. Amaranth is propagated by seeds. Depending on the cultivar, photoperiod and cultural practices, flowering may start 4-8 weeks after sowing then the seeds mature after 3-4 months (it will serve as the source of planting materials). However, A. dubius will continue its generative stage for a much longer period and when cut regularly, the plant may become shrubby and perennial but even at its mature stage the leaves are succulent which is suitable for consumption as vegetables. Amaranth is recognized as an easy to grow and very productive crop. It is probably the highest yielding leaf vegetable of the tropics with its excellent nutritional value thus of high importance for human consumption and as a cheap green vegetables for city dwellers. Research should focus on optimization of cultural practices, effective pest control with fewer residues and plant nutrition. Source: http://www. pinoy-entrepreneur. com/2010/08/03/amaranth-or-kulitis-production/ Uses and Importance of Kulitis Kulitis is one of the most nutritious leafy vegetables. It is used in stews, sinigang and other dishes whenever spinach (Spinaceae oleraceae L. is not available. Many wild Amaranthus species are used as pot herbs. Used as ornamentals are A. tricolor forms with red, yellow and green-colored leaves or leaf sections and A. cruentus with large bright red inflorescences. Kulitis weeds are used as fodder (pigweed). Vegetable amaranths have medicinal properties good for young children, lac tating mothers and patients with fever, hemorrhage, anemia or kidney problems. The wild A. spinosus L. is used as a cure against venereal diseases and as dressing on boils. Source:http://cagayandeoro. da. gov. ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/KULITIS. pdf Kulitis is very rich in iron therefore it is a good supplement of it. When someone has anemea, kulitis is just as good. It also contains Vitamin C which is the best immune system boost and calcium which is needed for strong bones. Iron is absorbed by the body in the presence of Vitamin C. Since this plant contains both, vitamin C supplement is not needed at all. Source:http://gaga-oly-herbalmedicine. blogspot. com/2011/11/chinese-spinach-kulitis. html Medicinal Uses of Kulitis Amaranth seeds and leaves are a very good source of vitamins, including vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin B6, vitamin C, riboflavin, and folate, and dietary minerals includingcalcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, and manganese. Both the seeds and leaf are high in protein, including the amino acid lysine. Amaranth seeds, like buckwheat and quinoa, contain protein that is unusually complete for plant sources. Like quinoa, another staple crop of pre-Colombian cultures, amaranth contains the essential amino acid lysine, which is deficient in wheat and barley. Most fruits and vegetables do not contain a complete set of amino acids, and thus different sources of protein must be used. Several studies have shown that like oats, amaranth seed or oil may be of benefit for those with hypertension and cardiovascular disease; regular consumption reduces blood pressure and cholesterol levels, while improving antioxidant status and some immune. While the active ingredient in oats appears to be water-soluble fiber, amaranth appears to lower cholesterol via its content of plant stanols and squalene. There are many other medicinal uses found in Kulitis that only a few know. The decoction of the root is useful in the treatment of gonorrhea, which is a common venereal disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are painful urination and pain around the urethra. Its bruised leaves are used locally for eczema, a generic term for inflammatory conditions of the skin; particularly with vesiculation in the acute stages. The plant is moreover, used as a sudorific and febrifuge and is recommended in eruptive fevers. It is also used as an antidote for snake-poison and as a lactagogue (enhance production of mother’s breastmilk). In addition, the plant is used as an expectorant and to relieve breathing in acute bronchitis. And the root is known elsewhere as an effective diuretic. It is also useful in treatment of menorrhagia, an abnormally heavy or prolonged menstruation; can be a symptom of uterine tumors and can lead to anemia if prolonged. Source: http://www. foodrecap. net/health/uray-benefits/ Because of its valuable nutrition, some farmers grow amaranth today and it is seen a potentially important agricultural crop of the future. However, their moderately high content of oxalic acid inhibits the absorption of calcium and zinc, and also means that they should be avoided or eaten in moderation by people with kidney disorders, gout, or rheumatoid arthritis. Reheating cooked amaranth greens is often discouraged, particularly for consumption by small children, as the nitrates in the leaves can be converted to nitrites, similarly to spinach. Kulitis, more nutritious than spinach Due to its similar flavor to spinach, the leaves of Kulitis (Amaranthus viridis Linn. ) are a good substitute. It is also called amaranth, Chinese spinach, tampala and pigweed. This vegetable is known as a symbol for immortality due to the longevity of its flowers because, after they are picked, they retain their appearance and freshness long after. It can be found abundantly in the Philippines and can grow wild in wastelands, dry areas, and pastures. It is a self-sustaining plant species and is drought-resistant. It is sometimes considered a weed due to its unremarkable appearance and hardy nature. It has other varieties with colorful leaves (purple to yellow or red) that are often grown as ornamentals. The leaves are rich in Vitamins B and C, and the minerals, iron and calcium. It can be used for salads, soups, stews and saute dishes. On its health benefits, the poultices from the leaves of kulitis can be used to cure acne. It is also used in treating boils or abscesses and as a remedy for snake and scorpion bites. Leaf extracts are used in treating dysentry and have shown antiviral properties. Source: http://www. bar. gov. ph/digest-home/digest-archives/124-2010-3rd-4th-quarter/437-it-is-not-expensive-to-be-well-and-healthy-try-tahiku Kulitis (Chinese Spinach) Wonders and its Therapeutic Benefits If youre living here in Philippines you must be familiar with Kulitis (internationally known as Chinese Spinach or uray in tagalog) it grows in abundance on any soil, but especially loves loose clay loam soil generally found in rural areas. Did you know that aside for its cheap and affordable price, this indigenous vegetable is rich in dietary fiber, iron, calcium, phosphorus, riboflavin, niacin and many more. 1. Prevention from Anemia Kulitis also known here as a herb that stops the bleeding it can treat internal bleeding and excessive menstruation remedy because of its iron content. 2. Asthma Yes, it can treat asthma just mix the leaves with water and boil it for a specific time. then drink. 3. Urinary troubles and diarrhea The leaves of kulitis has great benefits. It have considerable amount of potassium in the leaves that might explain kulitis diuretic properties. Also, the potassium maintains the proper electrolyte and acid-base balance in the body. 4. Bowel movement -kulitis have high fiber content which helps remove the toxins and eliminate waste 5. Breastfeeding Kulitis also contains calcium, phosphorus, and iron which helps in enhancing production of mothers breastmilk. Source:http://www. bubblews. com/news/372912-kulitis-chinese-spinach-wonders-and-its-therapeutic-benefits Chapter III METHODOLOGY In this chapter, the researcher present the materials and the procedure on the phytochemical screening conducted. The researcher prepared 100 grams of Kulitis leaves, 100 mL of 95% ethyl alcohol, 2 beakers or Erlenmeyer flasks, 10 test tubes , 1 test tube rack, 1 L distilled water , pair of scissors, 1 tray, roll of foil, cotton, gauze, tape , sulfuric acid, Dragendorff’s solution , Mayer’s regent, Wagner’s regent, Ferric acid, diluted hydrolic acid, Fehling’s B for the phytochemical screening. In the preparation of the phytochemical screening of Kulitis leaves , the researcher did some steps to ready the leaves. First, the researchers clean the leaves with natural water then, with distilled water. After cleaning the leaves , it must be dried under the heat of the sun. Then, cut it into 1 cm thick. Prepare the 95% ethyl alcohol, beaker, cotton, gauze, foil. Place the leaves in the beaker and soak it in 95% ethyl alcohol for 48 hours (2 days) and place the gauze and cotton at the top of the beaker then cover it and tape it. After 48 hours, the soaked leaves are extracted. The extract must be placed in another beaker and cover it again with cotton, gauze, foil. The extract must be refrigerated to avoid having molds. 1. Test for Sterols and Tipertenes (Lieberman-Berchard Test) A 10mL Kulitis leaves extract was dissolved in 10mL acetic anhydride. The soluble portions were decanted and 1-2 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid was added. Green color is observed,either immediately or solely going to red or blue tones. A pink to red color is indicative of tipernoids while a blue color is indicative of steroids. 2. Test of Flavonoids One (1)mL Kulitis leaves extract was treated with 1mL 10 % hydrolic acid and few Magnesium turnings were added . Formation of red color is the present of flavonoids. 3. Test of Alkaloids Each Kulitis leaves extract with 1% HCl and drops of Mayer’s Reagent of Wagner’ Reagent were added to the filtered acid extract. A cream colored precipitate is observed in the case of Mayer’s Rgt. while a reddish brown precipitate is observed in the case of Wagner’s Rgt. Formula of Mayer’s Rgt. : Weight 1. 58g of mercuric chloride was dissolved in 60mL distilled water. On the other hand,5g of potassium iodine was added in 10mL distilled water. The two solution were mixed and diluted to 100mL with distilled water. Formula for Wagner’s Rgt. : Weight 1. 3g crystals and 2. 0g of potassium iodine were placed in a sufficient amount of distilled water to make a total volume of 100mL was dissolved. 4. Test for Tannins Each Kulitis leaves extract was extracted with hot water and the aqueous extract was then filtered. Upon addition of 5-10 drops of ferric chloride test solution to the filtrate. A dark color and precipitate forms which may either be black, green or blue green. 5. Test for Saponins Each Kulitis leaves extract was dissolved in hot water. The aqueous extract when shaken vigorously. The froth honey comb in nature should perish for at least 30 minutes. 6. Test of Glycosides Each kulitis leaves extract was dissolved in hot water and the filtered. The filtrate was subjected froe glycosides test. 2mL sample was placed in each two test tubes. 1mL of diluted hydrochloric acid was added to test tube 1. Nothing was added to test tube 2. The test tubes were placed in boiling water bath for 5 min. Then the test tubes were cooled. The sample were both neutralized with anhydrous sodium carbonate until no more effervescence is produce. The one mL of Fehling’s B was added to test tube 1. One ml of Fehling’s solution was added to test 2. The tubes were heated in water bath for 2 mins. Observe the brick red precipitate that formed. An increase in the amount of brick red precipitate in the hydrolyzed sample (the sample to which diluted acid was added) as compared to the other sample indicates the presence of the glycosides. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books: Folk Medicine of the Nilgiri Hills in Southern India,S. Rajan and M. Sethuraman, ©2008,pp. 99 Unpublished Thesis: Unpublished Thesis Book, Latoja, Unabia,and Dearos,2010 Unpublished Thesis Book, Concon, Pasawilan,and Gunay,2010 Internet: http://www. pinoy-entrepreneur. com/2010/08/03/amaranth-or-kulitis-production/ Phytochemical Analysis of Amaranthus Viridis L. Essay Example Phytochemical Analysis of Amaranthus Viridis L. Paper A Biological Research Submitted to the Research Center Alabel National Science High School Regional Science High School for Region XII Alabel, Sarangani Province Submitted by: Shaira Mae M. Yamon Fourth Year- Diamond Submitted to: SHIELA P. BUTIL, Ph. D. Research Adviser August 5, 2013 ? Chapter I Introduction A. Background of the Study Amaranth (Amaranthus) or Pigweed popularly known as Kulitis or Uray here in the Philippines is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs that has been used for many years here and in other countries. Amaranth has significant nutritious content and can be used in many tasty recipes in place of wheat or other grains. Amaranth can grow up to seven feet tall (about 2. 1 meters), although most plants are five feet (about 1. 5 meters) or less. Amaranth plants have broad leaves and a flower head, with tiny seeds galore. The leaves come in many colors, including white, green, orange, pink, and red. Amaranth grain has high fiber, calcium, and iron content. It has a relatively high concentration of other vitamins as well, including magnesium, phosphorus, copper, and manganese, and a nearly complete set of amino acids, which you won’t find in many other grains. The leaves of amaranth are a good source of nutrition as well, with high concentrations of vitamins A, B6, and C; riboflavin; and foliate. Minerals found in amaranth greens include calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, copper, and manganese. We will write a custom essay sample on Phytochemical Analysis of Amaranthus Viridis L. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Phytochemical Analysis of Amaranthus Viridis L. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Phytochemical Analysis of Amaranthus Viridis L. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Several studies have shown that amaranth seed or oil may benefit those with hypertension and cardiovascular disease; regular consumption reduces blood pressure and cholesterol levels, while improving antioxidant status and some immune parameters. In traditional medicine Amaranth is especially recommended for people with a low red blood cell count. Amaranth is one of the most delicious leafy vegetables. It is a good crop for greens especially during the summer months when it is hard to grow and other kinds of vegetables. Amaranth is used in stews, sinigang and other dishes wherever spinach (Spinacea oleracea L). Many wild Amaranthus species are used as pot herbs. Used as ornamentals are A. tricolor forms with red, yellow and green colored leaves or leaf sections and A. cruentus with large bright red inflorescences. Amaranthus weeds are used as for fodder (pigweed). Vegetable amaranths are recommended as a good food with medicinal properties for young children, lactating mothers and for patients with fever, hemorrhage, anemia or kidney complaints. The wild A. spinosus L. used as a depurative against venereal diseases and as dressing on boils. B. Objectives of the Study Generally this study aims to identify bioactive compounds present in Amaranth or Kulitis by Phytochemical screening. Specifically, this study seeks to: a. Know the property of Kulitis plant b. Know the visibility of the plant in curing such complicated disease. c. Determines the capability of the plant as a herbal medicine. C. Significance of the study This study will be conducted and will undergo phytochemical screening examination. This is to determine its compound that in the future studies, it will be a great help for people in the society, especially to people who have snake bites and scorpion stings, acne, stomach problems, constipation, inflammation, eczema, bronchitis, anemia and leprosy. Snake bites and scorpion stings are dangerous because of the venom it carries. The information gathered in this study will also help the scientific community in analyzing the possibilities of making any pharmaceutical products out of the said plant. Finally, this study will help the future researchers to conduct other possible uses of Kulitis (Amaranthus spinosus L. ) that would also be beneficial to the human health. D. Scope and Limitation of the Study The study is focused only in the analysis of Kulitis Leaves Extract and why it can possibly cure snake bites and scorpion stings, acne, stomach problems, constipation, inflammation, eczema, bronchitis, anemia and leprosy. The study does not cover Feasibility study on the other plant extract and other toxicity level. E. Hypothesis H0: There is no component in the Kulitis Leaves Extract that can possibly cure snake bites and scorpion stings, acne, stomach problems, constipation, inflammation, eczema, bronchitis, anemia and leprosy. Hi: There is a component in the Kulitis Leaves Extract that can possibly cure snake bites and scorpion stings, acne, stomach problems, constipation, inflammation, eczema, bronchitis, anemia and leprosy. F. Definition of terms 1. Kultis -is a bushy plant with broad, green leaves. It grows up to 4 feet tall in the garden. They are ready to be harvested in 5 to 6 weeks after planting them in the garden. They grow practically wild in the garden because they have so many seeds when it matures. The seeds are grown as grain in other countries like India and is a valuable source of protein. It contains the amino acids lysine and methionine. 2. )Phytochemical Analysis -is peer review of a study. It is devoted to the publication of original articles on the utilization of analytical methodology in the plant sciences. The spectrum of coverage is broad, encompassing methods and techniques relevant to the extraction, separation, purification, identification and qualification of substances in plant biochemistry, plant cellular and molecular biology, plant biotechnology, the food sciences, agriculture and horticulture. 3). Amaranthus is the scientific name of Kulitis CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Kulitis Kulitis (Amaranthus viridis L. ) is alleged to originate from the lowland Tropical South and Central America and it was introduced into other warm places of the world. This weed is mostly found on roadsides and wastelands. It has a wide variety of distribution in all tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Southeast Asia, including the United States of America. Amaranth has significant nutritious content and can be used in many tasty recipes in place of wheat or other grains. Amaranth can grow up to seven feet tall (about 2. 1 meters), although most plants are five feet (about 1. 5 meters) or less. Amaranth plants have broad leaves and a flower head, with tiny seeds galore. The leaves come in many colors, including white, green, orange, pink,andred. It is highly adapted under lowland condition. Grow well at day temperatures above 250? C and night temperatures not lower than 150? C. Amaranthus are quantitative short day plants. It consumes high amount of water and uses 6 mm/day. Amaranthus prefers fertile, well drained soils with a loose structure. Amaranth is propagated by seeds. Depending on the cultivar, photoperiod and cultural practices, flowering may start 4-8 weeks after sowing then the seeds mature after 3-4 months (it will serve as the source of planting materials). However, A. dubius will continue its generative stage for a much longer period and when cut regularly, the plant may become shrubby and perennial but even at its mature stage the leaves are succulent which is suitable for consumption as vegetables. Amaranth is recognized as an easy to grow and very productive crop. It is probably the highest yielding leaf vegetable of the tropics with its excellent nutritional value thus of high importance for human consumption and as a cheap green vegetables for city dwellers. Research should focus on optimization of cultural practices, effective pest control with fewer residues and plant nutrition. Source: http://www. pinoy-entrepreneur. com/2010/08/03/amaranth-or-kulitis-production/ Uses and Importance of Kulitis Kulitis is one of the most nutritious leafy vegetables. It is used in stews, sinigang and other dishes whenever spinach (Spinaceae oleraceae L. is not available. Many wild Amaranthus species are used as pot herbs. Used as ornamentals are A. tricolor forms with red, yellow and green-colored leaves or leaf sections and A. cruentus with large bright red inflorescences. Kulitis weeds are used as fodder (pigweed). Vegetable amaranths have medicinal properties good for young children, lac tating mothers and patients with fever, hemorrhage, anemia or kidney problems. The wild A. spinosus L. is used as a cure against venereal diseases and as dressing on boils. Source:http://cagayandeoro. da. gov. ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/KULITIS. pdf Kulitis is very rich in iron therefore it is a good supplement of it. When someone has anemea, kulitis is just as good. It also contains Vitamin C which is the best immune system boost and calcium which is needed for strong bones. Iron is absorbed by the body in the presence of Vitamin C. Since this plant contains both, vitamin C supplement is not needed at all. Source:http://gaga-oly-herbalmedicine. blogspot. com/2011/11/chinese-spinach-kulitis. html Medicinal Uses of Kulitis Amaranth seeds and leaves are a very good source of vitamins, including vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin B6, vitamin C, riboflavin, and folate, and dietary minerals includingcalcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, and manganese. Both the seeds and leaf are high in protein, including the amino acid lysine. Amaranth seeds, like buckwheat and quinoa, contain protein that is unusually complete for plant sources. Like quinoa, another staple crop of pre-Colombian cultures, amaranth contains the essential amino acid lysine, which is deficient in wheat and barley. Most fruits and vegetables do not contain a complete set of amino acids, and thus different sources of protein must be used. Several studies have shown that like oats, amaranth seed or oil may be of benefit for those with hypertension and cardiovascular disease; regular consumption reduces blood pressure and cholesterol levels, while improving antioxidant status and some immune. While the active ingredient in oats appears to be water-soluble fiber, amaranth appears to lower cholesterol via its content of plant stanols and squalene. There are many other medicinal uses found in Kulitis that only a few know. The decoction of the root is useful in the treatment of gonorrhea, which is a common venereal disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are painful urination and pain around the urethra. Its bruised leaves are used locally for eczema, a generic term for inflammatory conditions of the skin; particularly with vesiculation in the acute stages. The plant is moreover, used as a sudorific and febrifuge and is recommended in eruptive fevers. It is also used as an antidote for snake-poison and as a lactagogue (enhance production of mother’s breastmilk). In addition, the plant is used as an expectorant and to relieve breathing in acute bronchitis. And the root is known elsewhere as an effective diuretic. It is also useful in treatment of menorrhagia, an abnormally heavy or prolonged menstruation; can be a symptom of uterine tumors and can lead to anemia if prolonged. Source: http://www. foodrecap. net/health/uray-benefits/ Because of its valuable nutrition, some farmers grow amaranth today and it is seen a potentially important agricultural crop of the future. However, their moderately high content of oxalic acid inhibits the absorption of calcium and zinc, and also means that they should be avoided or eaten in moderation by people with kidney disorders, gout, or rheumatoid arthritis. Reheating cooked amaranth greens is often discouraged, particularly for consumption by small children, as the nitrates in the leaves can be converted to nitrites, similarly to spinach. Kulitis, more nutritious than spinach Due to its similar flavor to spinach, the leaves of Kulitis (Amaranthus viridis Linn. ) are a good substitute. It is also called amaranth, Chinese spinach, tampala and pigweed. This vegetable is known as a symbol for immortality due to the longevity of its flowers because, after they are picked, they retain their appearance and freshness long after. It can be found abundantly in the Philippines and can grow wild in wastelands, dry areas, and pastures. It is a self-sustaining plant species and is drought-resistant. It is sometimes considered a weed due to its unremarkable appearance and hardy nature. It has other varieties with colorful leaves (purple to yellow or red) that are often grown as ornamentals. The leaves are rich in Vitamins B and C, and the minerals, iron and calcium. It can be used for salads, soups, stews and saute dishes. On its health benefits, the poultices from the leaves of kulitis can be used to cure acne. It is also used in treating boils or abscesses and as a remedy for snake and scorpion bites. Leaf extracts are used in treating dysentry and have shown antiviral properties. Source: http://www. bar. gov. ph/digest-home/digest-archives/124-2010-3rd-4th-quarter/437-it-is-not-expensive-to-be-well-and-healthy-try-tahiku Kulitis (Chinese Spinach) Wonders and its Therapeutic Benefits If youre living here in Philippines you must be familiar with Kulitis (internationally known as Chinese Spinach or uray in tagalog) it grows in abundance on any soil, but especially loves loose clay loam soil generally found in rural areas. Did you know that aside for its cheap and affordable price, this indigenous vegetable is rich in dietary fiber, iron, calcium, phosphorus, riboflavin, niacin and many more. 1. Prevention from Anemia Kulitis also known here as a herb that stops the bleeding it can treat internal bleeding and excessive menstruation remedy because of its iron content. 2. Asthma Yes, it can treat asthma just mix the leaves with water and boil it for a specific time. then drink. 3. Urinary troubles and diarrhea The leaves of kulitis has great benefits. It have considerable amount of potassium in the leaves that might explain kulitis diuretic properties. Also, the potassium maintains the proper electrolyte and acid-base balance in the body. 4. Bowel movement -kulitis have high fiber content which helps remove the toxins and eliminate waste 5. Breastfeeding Kulitis also contains calcium, phosphorus, and iron which helps in enhancing production of mothers breastmilk. Source:http://www. bubblews. com/news/372912-kulitis-chinese-spinach-wonders-and-its-therapeutic-benefits Chapter III METHODOLOGY In this chapter, the researcher present the materials and the procedure on the phytochemical screening conducted. The researcher prepared 100 grams of Kulitis leaves, 100 mL of 95% ethyl alcohol, 2 beakers or Erlenmeyer flasks, 10 test tubes , 1 test tube rack, 1 L distilled water , pair of scissors, 1 tray, roll of foil, cotton, gauze, tape , sulfuric acid, Dragendorff’s solution , Mayer’s regent, Wagner’s regent, Ferric acid, diluted hydrolic acid, Fehling’s B for the phytochemical screening. In the preparation of the phytochemical screening of Kulitis leaves , the researcher did some steps to ready the leaves. First, the researchers clean the leaves with natural water then, with distilled water. After cleaning the leaves , it must be dried under the heat of the sun. Then, cut it into 1 cm thick. Prepare the 95% ethyl alcohol, beaker, cotton, gauze, foil. Place the leaves in the beaker and soak it in 95% ethyl alcohol for 48 hours (2 days) and place the gauze and cotton at the top of the beaker then cover it and tape it. After 48 hours, the soaked leaves are extracted. The extract must be placed in another beaker and cover it again with cotton, gauze, foil. The extract must be refrigerated to avoid having molds. 1. Test for Sterols and Tipertenes (Lieberman-Berchard Test) A 10mL Kulitis leaves extract was dissolved in 10mL acetic anhydride. The soluble portions were decanted and 1-2 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid was added. Green color is observed,either immediately or solely going to red or blue tones. A pink to red color is indicative of tipernoids while a blue color is indicative of steroids. 2. Test of Flavonoids One (1)mL Kulitis leaves extract was treated with 1mL 10 % hydrolic acid and few Magnesium turnings were added . Formation of red color is the present of flavonoids. 3. Test of Alkaloids Each Kulitis leaves extract with 1% HCl and drops of Mayer’s Reagent of Wagner’ Reagent were added to the filtered acid extract. A cream colored precipitate is observed in the case of Mayer’s Rgt. while a reddish brown precipitate is observed in the case of Wagner’s Rgt. Formula of Mayer’s Rgt. : Weight 1. 58g of mercuric chloride was dissolved in 60mL distilled water. On the other hand,5g of potassium iodine was added in 10mL distilled water. The two solution were mixed and diluted to 100mL with distilled water. Formula for Wagner’s Rgt. : Weight 1. 3g crystals and 2. 0g of potassium iodine were placed in a sufficient amount of distilled water to make a total volume of 100mL was dissolved. 4. Test for Tannins Each Kulitis leaves extract was extracted with hot water and the aqueous extract was then filtered. Upon addition of 5-10 drops of ferric chloride test solution to the filtrate. A dark color and precipitate forms which may either be black, green or blue green. 5. Test for Saponins Each Kulitis leaves extract was dissolved in hot water. The aqueous extract when shaken vigorously. The froth honey comb in nature should perish for at least 30 minutes. 6. Test of Glycosides Each kulitis leaves extract was dissolved in hot water and the filtered. The filtrate was subjected froe glycosides test. 2mL sample was placed in each two test tubes. 1mL of diluted hydrochloric acid was added to test tube 1. Nothing was added to test tube 2. The test tubes were placed in boiling water bath for 5 min. Then the test tubes were cooled. The sample were both neutralized with anhydrous sodium carbonate until no more effervescence is produce. The one mL of Fehling’s B was added to test tube 1. One ml of Fehling’s solution was added to test 2. The tubes were heated in water bath for 2 mins. Observe the brick red precipitate that formed. An increase in the amount of brick red precipitate in the hydrolyzed sample (the sample to which diluted acid was added) as compared to the other sample indicates the presence of the glycosides. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books: Folk Medicine of the Nilgiri Hills in Southern India,S. Rajan and M. Sethuraman, ©2008,pp. 99 Unpublished Thesis: Unpublished Thesis Book, Latoja, Unabia,and Dearos,2010 Unpublished Thesis Book, Concon, Pasawilan,and Gunay,2010 Internet: http://www. pinoy-entrepreneur. com/2010/08/03/amaranth-or-kulitis-production/